Methods and Systems For Push Pin Actuator

ABSTRACT

A push pin actuator apparatus is provided. The push pin actuator apparatus includes a housing, a wire coil arranged within the housing and arranged around a first armature and a second armature. The first armature is coupled to a first push pin and the second armature is coupled to a second push pin. The push pin actuator apparatus further includes a first permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet arranged on opposing sides of the first armature, and a third permanent magnet and a fourth permanent magnet arranged on opposing sides of the second armature. The first push pin is actuated in response to a current being applied to the wire coil in a first direction, and the second push pin is actuated in response to a current being applied to the wire coil in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is based on, claims priority to, andincorporates herein by reference in its entirety, U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/073,332, filed Oct. 31, 2014, and entitled“Methods and Systems For Push Pin Actuator.”

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH

Not Applicable.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates generally to push pin actuators and, morespecifically, to independent, dual push pin actuators.

Internal combustion (IC) engines are heavily used in automotive, powergeneration, off-highway, and pump applications. Currently, one of theprimary goals in IC engine development is to reduce fuel consumption andcarbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Varying intake and/or exhaust valvetiming (i.e., when the valve events occur with respect to the rotationof the crank shaft) in IC engines has been found to reduce fuelconsumption and CO₂ emissions. Typically, a rotational relationshipbetween the cam shaft (which is coupled to the intake and exhaustvalves) and the crank shaft in an IC engine can be varied (i.e.,advanced or retarded) by a cam phasing system. Alternatively oradditionally, a profile of a lobe on the cam shaft can vary in shape tochange the lift profiles of the intake and exhaust valves. Cam profileswitching systems can be used to alter between one or more cam liftprofiles for the intake and/or exhaust valves. For example, the camprofile switching system may include a cam lobe with a profile whichresults in no valve lift for a cylinder deactivation operatingcondition.

FIG. 1 shows a prior art cam profile switching system 100. The camprofile switching system 100 includes solenoid actuators 102 and 104coupled to push pins 106 and 108, respectively. The solenoid actuators102 and 104 are configured to fire (i.e., actuate or displace) the pushpins 106 and 108 into a respective groove 110 and 112 on the cam shaft114. The grooves 110 and 112 define spiral profiles. As shown in FIG. 1,the actuator 104 is firing the push pin 108 towards the groove 112. Asthe push pin 108 seats in the groove 112 and the cam shaft 114 isrotated, the push pin 108 shifts the cam shaft 114 thereby shifting toanother cam lobe with a different profile. The push pin 108 is retractedinto the actuator 104 by the rotation of the cam shaft 114. Similarly,the push pin 106 can be fired by the actuator 102 to shift the cam shaft114 back to its original position. In other cam profile switchingsystems, multiple grooves are added to enable the shifting between morethan two cam lobes with different profiles.

Some cam profile switching systems combine actuators into a singlepackage with multiple push pins. Combining the actuators into a singlepackage can allow for a smaller overall package, but these systems donot allow for multiple push pins to extend towards the cam shaft andretract away from the cam shaft independently without assistance fromthe cam shaft. Additionally, performance with multiple actuators can behindered due to increased friction from inherent side loading betweenclose proximity actuators combined into a single package.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above-mentioned deficiencies can be overcome by providing a push pinactuator apparatus that includes one or more permanent magnets, and canindependently actuate a first armature and a second armature between afirst position and a second position. The push pin actuator can includeone or more pole pieces to reduce side loading (i.e., friction) betweena first armature and a second armature.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a push pin actuatorapparatus including a housing, a wire coil arranged within the housingand arranged around a first armature and a second armature. The firstarmature is coupled to a first push pin and the second armature iscoupled to a second push pin. The first armature and the second armatureare each moveable between a first armature position and a secondarmature position. The push pin actuator apparatus further includes afirst permanent magnet and a second permanent magnet arranged onopposing sides of the first armature, and a third permanent magnet and afourth permanent magnet arranged on opposing sides of the secondarmature. The first push pin is actuated in response to a current beingapplied to the wire coil in a first direction, and the second push pinis actuated in response to a current being applied to the wire coil in asecond direction opposite to the first direction.

In some embodiments, the first permanent magnet and the second permanentmagnet define directionally opposite magnetic polarities.

In some embodiments, the third permanent magnet and the fourth permanentmagnet define directionally opposite magnetic polarities.

In some embodiments, the push pin actuator apparatus further includes afirst pole piece and a second pole piece arranged within the housing onopposing sides of the wire coil.

In some embodiments, the first pole piece includes a first pole piececutout to receive the first armature and the second armature, and thesecond pole piece includes a second pole piece cutout to receive thefirst armature and the second armature.

In some embodiments, the first pole piece cutout eccentrically receivesthe first armature and the second armature, and the second pole piececutout eccentrically receives the first armature and the secondarmature.

In some embodiments, the first pole piece cutout defines a first sectionfor receiving the first armature and a second section for receiving thesecond armature.

In some embodiments, the second pole piece cutout defines a firstsection for receiving the first armature and a second section forreceiving the second armature.

In some embodiments, when the current is applied to the wire coil in thefirst direction, the second push pin is not actuated.

In some embodiments, when the current is applied to the wire coil in thesecond direction, the first push pin is not actuated.

In some embodiments, the push pin actuator apparatus further includes ahall effect sensor to measure a position of the first armature and thesecond armature between the first armature position and the secondarmature position.

In some embodiments, the first armature and the second armature arefabricated from a magnetic material.

In some embodiments, the first armature is coupled to the first push pinby a first coupling rod, and the second armature is coupled to thesecond push pin by a second coupling rod.

In some embodiments, the first coupling rod and the second coupling rodare fabricated from a non-magnetic material.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a push pin actuatorapparatus including a housing, a wire coil arranged within the housingand arranged around a first armature and a second armature. The firstarmature is coupled to a first push pin and the second armature iscoupled to a second push pin. The first armature and the second armatureare each movable between a first armature position and a second armatureposition. The push pin actuator apparatus further includes a firstpermanent magnet arranged adjacent to a first surface of the firstarmature, a second permanent magnet arranged adjacent to a first surfaceof the second armature, a pole piece arranged within the housing andincluding a cutout for receiving the first armature and the secondarmature, and a first spring and a second spring each arranged withinthe housing. The first spring engaging the first armature and the secondspring engaging the second armature. The first push pin is actuated inresponse to a current being applied to the wire coil in a firstdirection, and the second push pin is actuated in response to a currentbeing applied to the wire coil in a second direction opposite to thefirst direction.

In some embodiments, the first spring retracts the first armature fromthe second armature position to the first armature position when thecurrent applied to the wire coil in the first direction is removed, andthe second spring retracts the second armature from the second armatureposition to the first armature position when the current applied to thewire coil in the second direction is removed.

In some embodiments, the first spring extends the first armature fromthe first armature position to the second armature position when thecurrent in the first direction is applied to the wire coil, and thesecond spring extends the second armature from the first armatureposition to the second armature position when the current in the seconddirection is applied to the wire coil.

In some embodiments, the cutout of the pole piece eccentrically receivesthe first armature and the second armature.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a pole piece for apush pin actuator apparatus. The push pin actuator apparatus includes afirst armature and a second armature each moveable between a firstarmature position and a second armature position. The pole pieceincludes a cutout defining a first section for receiving the firstarmature and a second section for receiving the second armature. Thefirst armature is eccentrically received within the first section andthe second armature is eccentrically received within the second section.

The foregoing and other aspects and advantages of the invention willappear from the following description. In the description, reference ismade to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in whichthere is shown by way of illustration a preferred embodiment of theinvention. Such embodiment does not necessarily represent the full scopeof the invention, however, and reference is made therefore to the claimsand herein for interpreting the scope of the invention

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The invention will be better understood and features, aspects andadvantages other than those set forth above will become apparent whenconsideration is given to the following detailed description thereof.Such detailed description makes reference to the following drawings

FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a prior art cam profile switching system.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a push pin actuator apparatusaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the push pin actuator apparatusof FIG. 2 taken along line 3-3.

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the push pin actuator apparatusof FIG. 3 taken along line 4-4.

FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the push pin actuator apparatusof FIG. 3 taken along like 5-5.

FIG. 6 shows an enlarged portion of the cross-sectional view of the pushpin actuator apparatus of FIG. 3 with no current applied to a wire coil.

FIG. 7 shows an enlarged portion of the cross-sectional view of the pushpin actuator apparatus of FIG. 3 with a current applied to a wire coilin a first direction.

FIG. 8 shows an enlarged portion of the cross-sectional view of the pushpin actuator apparatus of FIG. 3 with a current applied to a wire coilin a first direction and a second armature actuated.

FIG. 9 shows an enlarged portion of the cross-sectional view of the pushpin actuator apparatus of FIG. 3 with a current applied to a wire coilin a second direction.

FIG. 10 shows the cross-sectional view of the push pin actuatorapparatus of FIG. 3 with a dual-wound wire coil according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a push pin actuator apparatusaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the push pin actuator apparatusof FIG. 11 taken along line 12-12.

FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of a push pin actuator apparatusaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the push pin actuator apparatusof FIG. 13 taken along line 14-14.

FIG. 15 shows a schematic of a push pin actuator apparatus according toyet another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited in its application tothe details of construction and the arrangement of components set forthin the following description or illustrated in the following drawings.The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced orof being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood thatthe phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose ofdescription and should not be regarded as limiting. In addition,references herein to directional relationships and movement such asupper and lower, left and right, top and bottom, or clockwise andcounter-clockwise, refer to the relationship and movement of thecomponents in the orientation illustrated in the drawings, which may notbe the orientation of the components in practice. The use of“including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein ismeant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereofas well as additional items. Unless specified or limited otherwise, theterms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “coupled” and variationsthereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirectmountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further, “connected”and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connectionsor couplings.

The following discussion is presented to enable a person skilled in theart to make and use embodiments of the invention. Various modificationsto the illustrated embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art, and the generic principles herein can be applied to otherembodiments and applications without departing from embodiments of theinvention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not intended to belimited to embodiments shown, but are to be accorded the widest scopeconsistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. Thefollowing detailed description is to be read with reference to thefigures, in which like elements in different figures have like referencenumerals. The figures, which are not necessarily to scale, depictselected embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope ofembodiments of the invention. Skilled artisans will recognize theexamples provided herein have many useful alternatives and fall withinthe scope of embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a push pin actuator apparatus 200 for a cam profileswitching system according to one embodiment of the present invention.The push pin actuator apparatus 200 can include a housing 212, aconnector 214, and a pin body 216. The housing 212 can be fabricatedfrom a metal material, and the connector 214 can be fabricated from aplastic material. The connector 214 is configured to receive an inputconnector (not shown) which is in communication with a controller (notshown), for example, an engine control module (ECM).

The push pin actuator apparatus 200 can include a pair of mountingflanges 218 extending from the housing 212 each having a mountingaperture 220. The mounting flanges 218 can enable the push pin apparatus200 to be rigidly mounted adjacent to the cam profile switching system.For example, a fastening element (not shown) can be received by themounting apertures 220. It should be known that the use of the flanges218 to mount the push pin actuator apparatus 200 is not meant to belimiting in any way, and other mounting mechanisms are within the scopeof the present invention.

Turning to FIGS. 3 and 4, the pin body 216 can be coupled to flanges 218and thereby to the housing 212. The pin body 216 can include a pin bodyo-ring 222 received within a pin body groove 224. The pin body o-ring222 can be configured to provide a seal between the pin body 216 and amounting surface (not shown) to which the push pin actuator apparatus200 is mounted.

The push pin apparatus 200 can include a first armature 226 and a secondarmature 228 each arranged within the housing 212. The first armature226 and the second armature 228 can be fabricated from a magneticmaterial (e.g., a magnetic steel or iron). A first permanent magnet 230and a second permanent magnet 232 can be arranged on opposing sides ofthe first armature 226. That is, the first permanent magnet 230 can bearranged adjacent to a first surface 234 of the first armature 226, andthe second permanent magnet 232 can be arranged adjacent to a secondsurface 236 of the first armature 226 opposing the first surface 234.Similarly, a third permanent magnet 238 and a fourth permanent magnet240 can be arranged on opposing sides of the second armature 228. Thethird permanent magnet 238 can be arranged adjacent to a first surface242 of the second armature 228, and the fourth permanent magnet 240 canbe arranged adjacent to a second surface 244 of the second armature 228.

The first permanent magnet 230 and the third permanent magnet 238 can bearranged at substantially similar heights within the housing 212 and candefine directionally opposite magnetic polarities. The second permanentmagnet 232 and the fourth permanent magnet 240 can be arranged atsubstantially similar heights within the housing 212 and can definedirectionally opposite magnetic polarities.

In the illustrated embodiment, the first permanent magnet 230 and thethird permanent 238 can produce stronger magnetic fields (i.e., magneticforces) than then second permanent magnet 232 and the fourth permanentmagnet 240. In other embodiments, the first permanent magnet 230 and thethird permanent magnet 238 can produce similar strength magnetic fields(i.e., magnetic forces) as the second permanent magnet 232 and thefourth permanent magnet 240.

The first armature 226 can be coupled to a first push pin 246 by a firstcoupling rod 248, and the second armature 228 can be coupled to a secondpush pin 250 by a second coupling rod 252. The first push pin 246 andthe second push pin 250 can be configured to be received in respectivegrooves (not shown) of a cam profile switching system. The first pushpin 246 can be slidably received within a first passage 254 defined bythe pin body 216, and the second push pin 250 can be slidably receivedwithin a second passage 256 defined by the pin body 216. The first pushpin 246 and the second push pin 250 can be fabricated from a hardenedmetal material to prevent wearing of the first and second push pins 246and 250. The first coupling rod 248 and the second coupling rod 252 canbe fabricated from a non-magnetic material. The first armature 226 andthe second armature 228 and thereby the first push pin 246 and thesecond push pin 250 are moveable between a first armature position and asecond armature position, as will be described in detail below.

The push pin actuator apparatus 200 can include a wire coil 258 arrangedwithin the housing 212 and can be wrapped around a bobbin 260. Thebobbin 260 can define a recess 262 which receives the wire coil 258 andcan position the wire coil 258 around the first armature 226 and thesecond armature 228. The wire coil 258 can be fabricated, for example,from a copper coil that can be configured to produce a magnetic field,and thereby apply a force, in response to a current being applied to thewire coil 258. The direction and magnitude of the magnetic field, andthe force, produced by the wire coil 258 can be determined by thedirection and magnitude of the current applied to the wire coil 258. Thebobbin 260 can be fabricated from a non-magnetic material. The wire coil258 can define a thickness, or height, which is approximately less thana distance between the first surface 234 and the second surface 236 ofthe first armature 226.

With specific reference to FIG. 4, the push pin actuator apparatus 200can include a sensor 263 arranged within the housing 212. The sensor 263can be configured to measure a position of the first armature 226 andthe second armature 228. In one embodiment, the sensor 263 can be a halleffect sensor.

The push pin actuator apparatus 200 can include a first pole piece 264and a second pole piece 266 arranged within the housing 212 on opposingsides of the wire coil 258. The first pole piece 264 and the second polepiece 266 can be fabricated from a magnetic material. The first polepiece 264 can be similar to the second pole piece 266. Therefore, thefollowing description of the first pole piece 264 also applies to thesecond pole piece 266. Turning to FIG. 5, the first pole piece 264includes a cutout 268 for receiving the first armature 226 and thesecond armature 228. Specifically, the cutout 268 defines a first roundsection 270 for receiving the first armature 226 and a second roundsection 272 for receiving the second armature 228. The cutout 268 caneccentrically receive the first armature 226 and the second armature228. That is, the first round section 270 defines a first section centerpoint 274 which is offset from a first armature center point 276 definedby the first armature 226, and the second round section 272 defines asecond section center point 278 which is offset from a second armaturecenter point 280 defined by the second armature 228. In otherembodiments, the cutout 268 can define a different shape, as desired, aslong as the eccentric arrangement between the cutout 268 and the firstarmature 226 and the second armature 228 is maintained. For example, thecutout 268 can include one or more oval sections for eccentricallyreceiving the first armature 226 and the second armature 228.

One non-limiting example of the operation of the push pin actuatorapparatus 200 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6-9. FIG. 6shows the push pin actuator apparatus 200 when no current is applied tothe wire coil 258. As shown in FIG. 6, the first armature 226 and thesecond armature 228 are in a first armature position. When the firstarmature 226 and the second armature 228 are in the first armatureposition, the first push pin 246 and the second push pin 250 can beretracted into (i.e., not protruding from) the push pin body 216. Withno current applied to the wire coil 258, the first permanent magnet 230and the second permanent magnet 238 can magnetically attract, or retain,the first armature 226 and the second armature 228 in the first armatureposition. The first permanent magnet 230 can induce a positive magneticpole in the first armature 226 adjacent to the first surface 234, andthe third permanent magnet 238 can induce a negative magnetic pole inthe second armature 228 adjacent to the first surface 242.

Turing to FIG. 7, when a high level current (e.g., 75% to 100% of amaximum current) is applied to the wire coil 258 in a first direction281, a magnetic field produced by current in the wire coil 258 canreverse the polarity in the second armature 228. That is, a positivemagnetic pole can be induced in the second armature 228 adjacent to thefirst surface 242. Reversing the polarity in the second armature 228 cancause the second armature 228 to be repelled by the third permanentmagnet 238. This repulsion can cause the second armature 228 and therebythe second push pin 250 to actuate away from the third permanent magnet238 towards a second armature position. Since the first permanent magnet230 already induces a positive magnetic pole in the first armature 226adjacent to the first surface 234, the magnetic field produced by thecurrent in the wire coil 258 can strengthen the attraction between thefirst armature 226 and the first permanent magnet 230. Thus, applyingthe high level current to the wire coil 258 in the first direction canretain the first armature 226 in the first armature position and causethe second armature 228 to actuate towards the second armature position.

FIG. 8 shows the second armature 228 in the second armature position.When the second armature 228 is in the second armature position, thesecond push pin 250 can protrude from the push pin body 216. If theapplication of the high level current to the wire coil 258 in the firstdirection is continued, the second armature 228 can have a maximumholding force. That is, a force on the second armature 228 in adirection away from the third permanent magnet 238 can be at a maximumvalue. If the current is removed from the wire coil 258, the firstpermanent magnet 230 can retain the first armature 226 in the firstarmature position, and the fourth permanent magnet 240 can retain thesecond armature 228 in the second armature position. Thus, the push pinactuator apparatus 200 may not require continuous current to be appliedto the wire coil 258 following actuation of either the first armature226 or the second armature 228 from the first armature position to thesecond armature position.

Turning to FIG. 9, when a low level current (e.g., 40% to 60% of amaximum current) is applied to the wire coil 258 in a second direction283 opposite to the first direction 281, a magnetic field produced bycurrent in the wire coil 258 can switch back the polarity in the secondarmature 228 to a negative magnetic pole in the second armature 228adjacent to the first surface 242. The change in polarity in the secondarmature 228 can occur because the low level current applied to the wirecoil 258 in the second direction can induce a magnetic field thatovercomes the magnetic field of the fourth magnet 240. This can causethe second armature 228 to actuate back towards the first armatureposition and thereby retract the second push pin 250 into the push pinbody 216.

As described above, the first permanent magnet 230 can produce strongermagnetic fields (i.e., magnetic forces) than then second permanentmagnet 232. This can allow the first armature 226 to remain in the firstarmature position because the magnetic field induced by the low levelcurrent applied to the wire coil 258 in the second direction may not bestrong enough to over come the attraction of the first armature 226 tothe first permanent magnet 230.

Although the operation of the push pin actuator apparatus 200 wasdescribed above with respect to actuating the second armature 228, theoperation of the push pin actuator apparatus 200 would be substantiallysimilar to when actuating the first armature 226 except the directionsof the currents applied to the wire coil 258 would be reversed. That is,to actuate the first armature 226 and thereby the first push pin 246,from the first actuation position to the second actuation position, ahigh level current can be applied to the wire coil 258 in the seconddirection. Then, to actuate the first armature 226 and thereby the firstpush pin 246 from the second armature position to the first armatureposition, a low level current can be applied to the wire coil 258 in thefirst direction. Table 1 below shows seven different operating modes forthe push pin actuator apparatus 200:

TABLE 1 First Second Current Applied Mode Description Push Pin Push Pin(% Max Current) Initial Position Retracted Retracted Off (FIG. 6) (0%)Extend Second Retracted Extending High First Direction Armature 228(FIG. 7) (75-100%)  Extended Second Retracted Extended Off Armature 228(FIG. 8) (0%) Retracting Second Retracted Retracting Low SecondDirection Armature 228 (FIG. 9) (40-60%) Extending First ExtendingRetracted High Second Direction Armature 226 (75-100%)  Extended FirstExtended Retracted Off Armature 226 (0%) Retracting First RetractingRetracted Low First Direction Armature 226 (40-60%)

The set of percent ranges in Table 1 are merely an example of onenon-limiting example of potential set percent ranges for the current,and it should be appreciated that other percent ranges may be possible.

During actuation of either the first armature 226 or the second armature228 between the first armature position and the second armatureposition, friction, or a side loading effect, can occur between thefirst armature 226 and the second armature 228 due to the closeproximity of the magnetized armatures 226 and 228. The use andarrangement of the first pole piece 264 and the second pole piece 266can substantially cancel this side loading effect. Specifically, theeccentric arrangement between the cutout 268 and the first armature 226and the second armature 228 can aid in cancelling the side loadingeffect. Also, as shown in FIG. 9, the first pole piece 264 can bearranged at a height within the housing 212 which is generally alignedwith a height of the first surface 242 of the second armature 228 whenthe second armature 228 is in the second armature position. The secondpole piece 266 can be arranged at a height within the housing 212 whichis generally aligned with a height of the second surface 236 of thefirst armature 226 when the first armature 226 is in the first armatureposition.

The first pole piece 264 and the second pole piece 266 can also increasean output force applied to the first push pin 246 and the second pushpin 250 by the magnetic actuation of the first armature 226 and thesecond armature 228 compared to if the first pole piece 264 and thesecond pole piece 266 were not included in the push pin actuatorapparatus 200.

As described above, the push pin actuator apparatus 200 canindependently actuate the first push pin 246 and the second push pin 250by varying a direction and magnitude of a current applied to the wirecoil 258. This can enable the push pin actuator apparatus 200 to utilizea single wire coil 258. However, in another embodiment shown in FIG. 10,the push pin apparatus 200 can include a dual wound wire coil 282arranged in the recess 262. The dual wound wire coil 282 can include afirst wire coil 284 wound in a first rotational direction and a secondwire coil 286 wound in a second rotational direction opposite to thefirst rotational direction. The first wire coil 284 can be in analternating arrangement with the second wire coil 286, as shown in FIG.10. The use of the dual wound coil 282 can negate the need to reversethe direction of a current applied to the dual wound coil 282 duringoperation of the push pin actuator apparatus 200. Instead, a current canbe selectively applied to the first wire coil 284 and the second wirecoil 286 to generate a magnetic field in the desired direction.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a push pin actuator apparatus 300 according toanother embodiment of the present invention. The push pin actuatorapparatus 300 can include similar features as the push pin actuator 200except as described below or as seen from FIGS. 11 and 12. As shown inFIG. 11, the push pin actuator apparatus 300 may not include the secondpermanent magnet 232, the fourth permanent magnet 240, and the secondpole piece 266. The wire coil 258 of the push pin actuator apparatus 300can define a thickness or height which is approximately greater than orequal to the distance between the first surface 234 and the secondsurface 236 of the first armature 226. The push pin actuator apparatus300 can include a first retraction spring 302 and a second retractionspring 304. The first refraction spring 302 can be arranged between thesecond surface 236 of the first armature 226 and the first push pin 246.The second retraction spring 304 can be arranged between the secondsurface 244 of the second armature 228 and the second push pin 250.

Operation of the push pin actuator 300 can be similar to the operationof the push pin actuator 200, described above, except as described belowor as seen from FIGS. 11 and 12. In operation, the push pin actuator 300can actuate the first armature 226 and the second armature 228 from thefirst armature position to the second armature by applying a current tothe wire coil 528 in either the first direction 281 or the seconddirection 283. During actuation of the first armature 226 from the firstarmature position to the second armature position, the first retractionspring 302 can be compressed. Similarly, during actuation of the secondarmature 228 from the first armature position to the second armatureposition, the second retraction spring 304 can be compressed. Thecompression of the first retraction spring 302 and the second retractionspring 304 can require the current applied to the wire coil 258 in therespective direction to be maintained to enable the first push pin 246or the second push pin 250 to remain extended from the push pin body216. Once the current is removed from the wire coil 258, the firstretraction spring 302 and the second retraction spring 304 can returnthe first armature 226 and the second armature 228 to the first armatureposition (thereby retracting the first push pin 246 and the second pushpin 250 within the push pin body 216).

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a push pin actuator apparatus 400 according toanother embodiment of the present invention. The push pin actuatorapparatus 400 can include similar features as the push pin actuator 200except as described below or as seen from FIGS. 13 and 14. As shown inFIG. 14, the push pin actuator apparatus 400 may not include the secondpermanent magnet 232, the fourth permanent magnet 240, and the secondpole piece 266. The wire coil 258 of the push pin actuator apparatus 400can define a thickness or height which is approximately greater than orequal to the distance between the first surface 234 and the secondsurface 236 of the first armature 226. The push pin actuator apparatus400 can include a first extension spring 402 and a second extensionspring 404. The first extension spring 402 can be arranged within afirst armature cavity 406 defined by the first armature 226. The secondextension spring 404 can be arranged within a second armature cavity 408defined by the second armature 228.

Operation of the push pin actuator 400 can be similar to the operationof the push pin actuator 200, described above, except as described belowor is obvious from FIGS. 13 and 14. With no current applied to the wirecoil 258, an attraction between the first permanent magnet 230 and thefirst armature 226 can be greater than a force acting on the firstarmature 226 by the first extension spring 402 in an opposing direction(i.e., towards the second armature position). Similarly, an attractionbetween the third permanent magnet 238 and the second armature 228 canbe greater than a force acting on the second armature 228 by the secondextension spring 404 in an opposing direction (i.e., towards the secondarmature position). Once a current is applied to the wire coil 258 in adesired direction (i.e., either the first direction 281 or the seconddirection 283), the attraction between the first permanent magnet 230and the first armature 226 or between the third permanent magnet 238 andthe second armature 228 can be overcome. Once the attraction betweeneither the first permanent magnet 230 and the first armature 226 orbetween the third permanent magnet 238 and the second armature 228 isovercome, the respective extension spring 402 or 404 can actuate eitherthe first armature 226 or the second armature 228 from the firstarmature position to the second armature position. If the current isremoved from the wire coil 258 once either the first armature 226 or thesecond armature 228 are in the second armature position, an extensionforce provided by the first extension spring 402 and the secondextension spring 404 can enable the first armature 226 or the secondarmature 228 to remain in the second armature position. Thus, the pushpin actuator apparatus 400 may not require continuous current to beapplied to the wire coil 258 following actuation of either the firstarmature 226 or the second armature 228 from the first armature positionto the second armature position. However, this extension force canrequire the cam shaft (not shown) in a cam profile switching system tomanually actuate the first armature and the second armature from thesecond armature position back to the first armature position.

FIG. 15 shows a push pin actuator apparatus 500 according to yet anotherembodiment of the present invention. The push pin actuator apparatus 500can include similar features as the push pin actuator 200 except asdescribed below or as seen from FIG. 15. As shown in FIG. 15, the pushpin actuator apparatus 500 may not include the first coupling rod 248,the second coupling rod 252, the first pole piece 264, and the secondpole piece 266. The wire coil 258 of the push pin actuator apparatus 500can define a thickness or height which is approximately greater than orequal to the distance between the first surface 234 and the secondsurface 236 of the first armature 226. The first armature 226 can bedirectly coupled to the first push pin 246, and the second armature 228can be directly coupled to the second push pin 250. The operation of thepush pin actuator apparatus 500 can be similar to the operation of thepush pin apparatus 200, described above, except the push pin actuatorapparatus 500 may experience a higher side loading effect and loweroutput forces without the first pole piece 264 or the second pole piece266.

While the push pin actuator apparatuses 200, 300, 400 and 500 weredescribed with respect to a cam profile switching system, it should beappreciated that the techniques and properties of the push pin actuatorapparatuses 200, 300, 400, and 500 may be applied to other systemsrequiring independent actuation of a first push pin and a second pushpin.

Within this specification embodiments have been described in a way whichenables a clear and concise specification to be written, but it isintended and will be appreciated that embodiments may be variouslycombined or separated without parting from the invention. For example,it will be appreciated that all preferred features described herein areapplicable to all aspects of the invention described herein.

Thus, while the invention has been described in connection withparticular embodiments and examples, the invention is not necessarily solimited, and that numerous other embodiments, examples, uses,modifications and departures from the embodiments, examples and uses areintended to be encompassed by the claims attached hereto. The entiredisclosure of each patent and publication cited herein is incorporatedby reference, as if each such patent or publication were individuallyincorporated by reference herein.

Various features and advantages of the invention are set forth in thefollowing claims.

We claim:
 1. A push pin actuator apparatus comprising: a housing; a wirecoil arranged within the housing and arranged around a first armatureand a second armature, the first armature coupled to a first push pinand the second armature coupled to a second push pin, the first armatureand the second armature each movable between a first armature positionand a second armature position; a first permanent magnet and a secondpermanent magnet arranged on opposing sides of the first armature; athird permanent magnet and a fourth permanent magnet arranged onopposing sides of the second armature; and wherein the first push pin isactuated in response to a current being applied to the wire coil in afirst direction, and the second push pin is actuated in response to acurrent being applied to the wire coil in a second direction opposite tothe first direction.
 2. The push pin actuator apparatus of claim 1,wherein the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnetdefine directionally opposite magnetic polarities.
 3. The push pinactuator apparatus of claim 1, wherein the third permanent magnet andthe fourth permanent magnet define directionally opposite magneticpolarities.
 4. The push pin actuator apparatus of claim 1, furthercomprising a first pole piece and a second pole piece arranged withinthe housing on opposing sides of the wire coil.
 5. The push pin actuatorapparatus of claim 4, wherein the first pole piece includes a first polepiece cutout to receive the first armature and the second armature, andthe second pole piece includes a second pole piece cutout to receive thefirst armature and the second armature.
 6. The push pin actuatorapparatus of claim 5, wherein the first pole piece cutout eccentricallyreceives the first armature and the second armature and the second polepiece cutout eccentrically receives the first armature and the secondarmature.
 7. The push pin actuator apparatus of claim 5, wherein thefirst pole piece cutout defines a first section for receiving the firstarmature and a second section for receiving the second armature.
 8. Thepush pin actuator apparatus of claim 5, wherein the second pole piececutout defines a first section for receiving the first armature and asecond section for receiving the second armature.
 9. The push pinactuator apparatus of claim 1, wherein when the current is applied tothe wire coil in the first direction the second push pin is notactuated.
 10. The push pin actuator apparatus of claim 1, wherein whenthe current is applied to the wire coil in the second direction thefirst push pin is not actuated.
 11. The push pin actuator apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising a hall effect sensor to measure of positionof the first armature and the second armature between the first armatureposition and the second armature position.
 12. The push pin actuatorapparatus of claim 1, wherein the first armature and the second armatureare fabricated from a magnetic material.
 13. The push pin actuatorapparatus of claim 1, wherein the first armature is coupled to the firstpush pin by a first coupling rod, and the second armature is coupled tothe second push pin by a second coupling rod.
 14. The push pin actuatorapparatus of claim 13, wherein the first coupling rod and the secondcoupling rod are fabricated from a non-magnetic material.
 15. A push pinactuator apparatus comprising: a housing; a wire coil arranged withinthe housing and arranged around a first armature and a second armature,the first armature coupled to a first push pin and the second armaturecoupled to a second push pin, the first armature and the second armatureeach moveable between a first armature position and a second armatureposition; a first permanent magnet arranged adjacent to a first surfaceof the first armature, and a second permanent magnet arranged adjacentto a first surface of the second armature; a pole piece arranged withinthe housing and including a cutout for receiving the first armature andthe second armature; a first spring and a second spring each arrangedwithin the housing, the first spring engaging the first armature and thesecond spring engaging the second armature; and wherein the first pushpin is actuated in response to a current being applied to the wire coilin a first direction, and the second push pin is actuated in response toa current being applied to the wire coil in a second direction oppositeto the first direction.
 16. The push pin actuator apparatus of claim 15,wherein the first spring retracts the first armature from the secondarmature position to the first armature position when the currentapplied to the wire coil in the first direction is removed, and thesecond spring retracts the second armature from the second armatureposition to the first armature position when the current applied to thewire coil in the second direction is removed
 17. The push pin actuatorapparatus of claim 15, wherein the first spring extends the firstarmature from the first armature position to the second armatureposition when the current in the first direction is applied to the wirecoil, and the second spring extends the second armature from the firstarmature position to the second armature position when the current inthe second direction is applied to the wire coil.
 18. The push pinactuator apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first spring is arrangedwithin a first cavity defined by the first armature, and the secondspring is arranged within a second cavity defined by the secondarmature.
 19. The push pin actuator apparatus of claim 15, wherein thecutout of the pole piece eccentrically receives the first armature andthe second armature.
 20. A pole piece for a push pin actuator apparatus,the push pin actuator apparatus including a first armature and a secondarmature each moveable between a first armature position and a secondarmature position, the pole piece comprising: a cutout defining a firstsection for receiving the first armature and a second section forreceiving the second armature; and wherein the first armature iseccentrically received within the first section and the second armatureis eccentrically received within the second section.